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The Evolution Site The concept of natural selection as the underlying principle of evolution is the defining factor in modern biology. It connects disciplines like genetics, palaeontology and microbiology. However, the study of evolution is often controversial and the resultant misinformation can confuse people about its fundamentals. This site clarifies the most fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection, which increases the number of organisms that possess beneficial traits that help them survive and reproduce in a specific environment. As a result, these organisms leave more offspring than those that don't have these beneficial characteristics. This causes a genetic change that can eventually lead to the creation of new species. The term “evolution”, is often associated with “survival-of-the fittest” which implies that people who are better adjusted to certain conditions will have an advantage over those less well adapted. This is just one of many ways in which evolution can occur. Another way that the word evolution is used to suggest that a species will invariably change from one state of being to the next state of being. This type of view of evolution could be described as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. 에볼루션 룰렛 is not supported by the definition of evolution that is scientifically accepted. The theory of evolution that is based on science change focuses instead on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are caused by mutations which result in natural selection and genetic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who supported this theory. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed this was only way the higher forms of living could have evolved. A concept must be able stand up to rigorous tests and evidence in order to be considered as a theory. The evidence for evolution has withstood the test of time and has been backed by numerous studies in various sciences, from geology to biology to astronomy. In fact evolution is regarded as one of the cornerstones of science today, and it is backed by the vast majority of scientists worldwide. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, specifically how it relates to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation for how living things change over time. It relies on a number of well-established observations such as the fact that more offspring are produced than could possibly survive in the long run; that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype); that different traits have different rates of reproduction and survival and can be passed down to future generations. These findings are supported by the increasing amount of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, functional morphology, climatology, and geology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was initially conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century as an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environment. It is now the best-supported and most widely tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions have been borne out by the fact that, for example complex organisms are more likely to have less genetic mutations than simpler ones. The more successful an organism becomes in terms of its longevity and reproducing, the more likely it will pass its genes on to the next generation. Some people object to evolution based on the belief that it implies that there is no meaning to life. Many scientists who are religious believers such as the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014) believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and is even enhanced by it. Many highly skilled evolutionary biologists have been involved in developing and testing the theory of evolution, which includes some respected evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these scientists contributed to the understanding of a wide range phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, as well as the formation and function fossils. The term “theory” is sometimes used to refer to an assumption or speculation however it actually refers to a scientific hypothesis that has been thoroughly tested and refined over time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating experiments or observations that resulted in them. Thus, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly proven out, as have the related theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual change in the genetically diverse individuals within a species over time. This change is the result of the natural selection of individuals that are more adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a better chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these people survive and reproduce, their genes are more prevalent within the population. This process is sometimes called “survival of the strongest.” According to the theory of evolution the causes of mutations that result in genetic variation are the primary reason for evolutionary change. These mutations could occur randomly or under the influence of the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele can vary from generation-to-generation. In contrast, when an alteration is beneficial, it increases the frequency of the allele, causing it to spread across the population. The changes in frequency of alleles can lead to new species over time. The new species will then develop and evolve into new forms. This is known as macroevolution. The creation of an entirely new species is typically caused by changes in the environment which make certain kinds of resources available or cause new environmental challenges. The development of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example is due to the availability of new foods and the need to defend themselves against predators. In a wider context it is any change that takes place in the nature of organisms over the course of time. This change can be subtle, such as the development of new coloration or a dramatic change, such as the development of an organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally agree on the significance of genetic change in generating evolution. They also believe that evolution is a process that takes place over time, usually over a period of millions of years. However, they differ on the role of various factors in accelerating or retarding the process, like the role of environmental pressures, sexual selection and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists believe that evolution has occurred and the evidence to prove this is overwhelming. What is the Evidence of Evolution? In the decades since Darwin's time, scientists have gathered evidence that supports Darwin's theory of evolution. This evidence is gathered from fossils which show the evolution of living organisms over time. Similarities between living and non-living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography, and genetics are further evidence. The main proof of evolution is found in the evolutionary tree, which demonstrates how species are related. Homologous structures are another proof. They have a similar structure, but they perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bat or bird. Evolution is also evident in the fact that various species adapt and evolve to similar environments. For instance, arctic-foxes and Ptarmigans have white seasonal pelts that blend in with the snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolutionary mechanism, which suggests that the species share ancestral ancestors. Vestigial structures are a different piece of evidence. These are a part of an organism that may serve a function in the distant past. For instance, the human appendix is an oblique reminder of an organ used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size once they are no longer utilized, a process known as natural selection. Scientists have also gathered evidence for evolution through observation and testing. The evidence for evolution can be divided into six distinct categories: changes that can be observed at small scales, biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomies, the fossil record and genetics. Each of these categories offers solid evidence for the evolution of life. While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution it is an established fact. It is not a theory, but a powerful collection of evidence founded on decades of observation. No matter what people believe or deny about the theory of evolution, scientists continue to study and collect new data to better understand the history of life on Earth. This information will aid scientists understand how to prevent future catastrophes on the planet and how to best use the resources of our planet. It will also allow us to better serve the needs of people living on this planet.